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Follow an idea across three thousand years.

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1285 results

People

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People

Adam Smith

Adam Smith showed how moral restraint, impartial law, and voluntary exchange can coordinate human action without central command.

People

Aeschylus

Aeschylus was an ancient Greek playwright known for writing powerful tragedies. He is often referred to as the “father of tragedy” for his transformative contributions to the development of Greek theater, particularly in the area of tragedy. Aeschylus was born around 525 BCE in Eleusis, a small town near Athens.

People

Aeschylus

Aeschylus stages one of liberty’s great turning points: the passage from vengeance and private power to public law and judgment. By dramatizing the replacement of blood feud with lawful courts, he advanced a foundational insight of free societies—that justice must be institutionalized, impartial, and accountable rather than enforced by force or revenge.

People

Al Ghazali

Al-Ghazālī (Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, 1058–1111 CE) was a Persian polymath, theologian, jurist, philosopher, and Sufi mystic whose works reconciled Islamic orthodoxy with rational inquiry and spiritual practice. Born in Ṭūs (near Mashhad, Iran), he studied Shāfiʿī jurisprudence and Ashʿarī theology under al-Juwaynī at Nishapur, rising to Baghdad’s prestigious Niẓāmiyya madrasa in 1091. A profound s

People

Ambrose

• Champion of Church Independence: Ambrose stood firm on the principle that the emperor was subject to the Church in spiritual matters. His most famous confrontation was with Emperor Theodosius, whom he refused to admit to communion until the emperor repented publicly for a massacre.

People

Ambrose

Ambrose asserts the independence of moral law from political power, insisting that rulers themselves stand accountable to justice and conscience. He taught that the church must guide the ruler and, if necessary, oppose him. By confronting imperial authority and defending the primacy of ethical obligation, he advances a decisive principle of liberty: power is legitimate only when it submits to moral limits beyond itself.

People

Amos

Prophetic Voice of Justice : Amos is recognized as one of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, known for his powerful messages condemning social injustice and moral corruption in Israel and Judah.

People

Amos

Amos warns that power divorced from justice is illegitimate, no matter how ancient, wealthy, or religious it appears. By insisting that rulers and societies are judged by their treatment of the poor and the vulnerable, he advanced a radical idea—that the same moral law stands in judgment over all nations.

People

Anselm

Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033 – 1109 CE) was a medieval philosopher, theologian, and archbishop, widely regarded as the father of Scholasticism. Born in Aosta (in present-day Italy), Anselm joined the Benedictine monastery of Bec in Normandy, where he eventually became prior and then abbot. His intellectual brilliance and spiritual discipline soon earned him renown across Europe.

People

Anselm

Anselm grounds liberty in reasoned conscience, insisting that authority in matters of faith and law must submit to rational examination rather than force or custom. By defending the freedom of the will and the independence of moral judgment, he advances a core principle of free societies: obedience is legitimate only when it accords with reason and justice.

People

Archimedes

Genius of Mathematical Discovery : Archimedes, a Greek mathematician and inventor, is celebrated for his groundbreaking contributions to geometry, calculus, and physics, including the principles of buoyancy and the lever.

People

Archimedes

Archimedes pressed for disciplined reason rather than command or tradition. By proving that nature yields to transparent rules and demonstrable proofs, he models a core principle of free societies: authority over knowledge rests with reason anyone can test—not with power that demands obedience. He affirmed that there is order in the natural world, and all men, including rulers, are subject to it.

Periods

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Periods

0 - 300 AD

A chronological collection represented on the Goodrich Seminar Room wall for 0 - 300 AD.

Periods

1–100 AD

← Back to All Books 1–100 AD During the first century AD, Jewish, Greek, and Roman intellectual traditions continued to shape the foundations of theology, philosophy, biblical interpretation, and classical scholarship. This section highlights Philo Judaeus, whose writings and later Loeb Classical Library editions helped preserve important connections between Jewish theology, Greek philosophy, biblical interpretation,

Periods

100–1 BC

← Back to All Books 100 BC – 1 AD This shelf covers the late Roman Republic and early Empire, featuring major works of Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and the historian Diodorus Siculus, along with studies of Roman religion. It includes both poetic masterpieces (the *Aeneid*, *Georgics*, and love poetry) and historical writing, reflecting Rome’s cultural golden age. Read More No books match this filter.

Periods

100–200 AD

← Back to All Books 100–200 AD The second century AD includes major works of Roman Stoic philosophy and ancient medical scholarship, especially through Marcus Aurelius and Galen. This section highlights editions and translations of Marcus Aurelius’s philosophical writings, including Meditations and related texts, as well as Galen’s influential work On the Natural Faculties. Read More No books match this filter.

Periods

1000–1100 AD

← Back to All Books 1000–1100 AD The eleventh century AD includes major works of Islamic philosophy, Japanese literature, Icelandic saga tradition, Christian theology, and medieval music. This section highlights Avicenna, al-Ghazzālī, The Tale of Genji, The Pillow Book, Njála saga, Anselm, The Song of Roland, and Byzantine church music. Read More No books match this filter.

Periods

1000–800 BC

← Back to All Books 1000–800 BC This bookshelf gathers important works connected to Chinese ritual, poetry, early science, and the Homeric tradition from 1000 to 800 BC. These selections include Chinese ceremonial and poetic traditions, classical anthologies, works connected to the history of science, and major editions and translations of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Together, they introduce visitors to foundational l

Periods

1100–1200 AD

← Back to All Books 1100–1200 AD The twelfth century AD includes major works of medieval theology, law, philosophy, epic literature, Norse saga tradition, and cross-cultural travel. This section highlights Abelard and Heloise, Bernard of Clairvaux, Norwegian laws, the Nibelungenlied, Averroës, Maimonides, and the travels of the Taoist Ch‘ang-ch‘un. Read More No books match this filter.

Periods

1200 - 1400 AD

A chronological collection represented on the Goodrich Seminar Room wall for 1200 - 1400 AD.

Periods

1200–1300 AD

← Back to All Books 1200–1300 AD The thirteenth century AD includes major works of scholastic philosophy, Franciscan spirituality, Norse saga literature, medieval travel writing, Dante, and theological commentary. This section highlights Robert Grosseteste, St. Francis of Assisi, Thomas Aquinas, Snorri Sturluson, Marco Polo, Dante Alighieri, Duns Scotus, and important Icelandic saga texts. Read More No books match th

Periods

1300–1400 AD

← Back to All Books 1300–1400 AD The fourteenth century AD includes major works of medieval literature, philosophy, reform theology, drama, poetry, and historical thought. This section highlights Arabian Nights, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Wycliffe, Ibn Khaldūn, Chaucer, Nō plays, Piers Plowman, Jan Hus, and related medieval literary and theological works. Read More No books match this filter.

Periods

1400 - 1600 AD

A chronological collection represented on the Goodrich Seminar Room wall for 1400 - 1600 AD.

Periods

1400–1500 AD

← Back to All Books 1400–1500 AD From 1400 to 1500 AD, Europe entered a transformative age in which Renaissance humanism, religious renewal, political realism, scientific inquiry, and literary imagination reshaped ideas of human dignity and freedom. Thomas à Kempis and Savonarola called individuals to conscience and spiritual discipline; Leonardo celebrated the creative powers of the human mind; Erasmus used satire t

Books & Works

Showing 12 of 820. Refine the search to narrow this group.

Books & Works

A Comment on the Commentaries

Bentham, Jeremy, 1748–1832 · 1928 · A comment on the Commentaries; a criticism of William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England. Printed from the author’s manuscript with introduction and notes by Charles Warren Everett. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1928. viii, 253 p. 23 cm.

Books & Works

A Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians

Luther, Martin, 1483–1546 · n.d. · A commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians, by Martin Luther. New abridged translation by Theodore Graebner.

Books & Works

A Compend of the Institutes of the Christian Religion

Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1939 · A compend of the Institutes... Edited by Hugh Thomson Kerr. 1939.

Books & Works

A Concordance to the Principal Upanishads and Bhagavadgītā

George Adolphus Jacob · 1963 · Delhi: M. Banarsidass, 1963. Reprint of the 1891 edition. Comprehensive concordance.

Books & Works

A Diary of the French Revolution

Morris, Gouverneur, 1752–1816 · 1939 · A diary of the French Revolution, by Gouverneur Morris, edited by Beatrix Cary Davenport. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1939. 2 v. frontispieces, plates, portraits, facsimiles. 22 cm.

Books & Works

A Dictionary of the English Language

Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1755 · A dictionary of the English language. London, 1755. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194

Books & Works

A Discourse on Method

Descartes, René, 1596–1650 · 1934 · A discourse on method by René Descartes. London, J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1934. Everyman’s Library.

Books & Works

A Dissertation and Apology of the Slave Trade

Edwards, Jonathan, 1745–1801 · 1791 · A dissertation and apology of the slave trade. Boston, 1791. ARD-9197

Books & Works

A Fragment on Government

Bentham, Jeremy, 1748–1832 · 1891 / 1934 · A fragment on government, edited with introduction by F. C. Montague. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1891, 1934. xii, 241 p. 22½ cm.

Books & Works

A Fragment on Government

Bentham, Jeremy, 1748–1832 · 1776 · A fragment on government. 1776.

Books & Works

A Fragment on Government and An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

Bentham, Jeremy, 1748–1832 · 1948 · A fragment on government and an introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. Edited with introduction by Wilfrid Harrison. Oxford, B. Blackwell, 1948. lxv, 435 p. 21 cm.

Books & Works

A Greek–English Lexicon

Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott · 1953 printing · Oxford: Clarendon Press. 9th edition.

Resources

Showing 12 of 240. Refine the search to narrow this group.

Resources

A Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians

Luther, Martin, 1483–1546 · n.d. · A commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians, by Martin Luther. New abridged translation by Theodore Graebner.

Resources

A Compend of the Institutes of the Christian Religion

Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1939 · A compend of the Institutes... Edited by Hugh Thomson Kerr. 1939.

Resources

A Dictionary of the English Language

Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1755 · A dictionary of the English language. London, 1755. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194

Resources

A Letter Concerning Toleration

Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1950 · A letter concerning toleration by John Locke. With an introduction by Patrick Romanell. New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1950.

Resources

A Letter Concerning Toleration

Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1950 · A letter concerning toleration by John Locke. With an introduction by Patrick Romanell. New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1950.

Resources

A Panorama of the World's Legal Systems

John Henry Wigmore · 1928 · Saint Paul: West Publishing Company, 1928. 3 volumes with illustrations. Surveys sixteen principal legal systems including Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Hebrew, Chinese, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and others.

Resources

A Syllabus of the History of Chinese Civilization and Culture

Luther Carrington Goodrich and H. C. Fenn · 1950 · 5th revised edition. New York: China Society of America, 1950. 55 pages with illustrations, 28 cm. A syllabus covering the history of Chinese civilization and culture. Subjects: China — History — Outlines and syllabi; China — Civilization — Bibliography.

Resources

A Treatise on Human Nature

Hume, David, 1711–1776 · 1896 · A treatise on human nature. London, 1896. 709 p. 20 cm. ARD-9191

Resources

A Vindication of Natural Society

Burke, Edmund, 1729–1797 · 1756 · A vindication of natural society; or, A view of the miseries and evils arising to mankind from every species of artificial society. London, 1756. xxxii, 105 p. 22 cm.

Resources

Aeschylus

Aeschylus · 1922–1926 (Smyth trans., Loeb) · With an English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth. London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam's Sons, 1922–26. Greek and English on opposite pages.

Resources

Alexander Hamilton: Selections

Hamilton, Alexander, 1757–1804 · 1957 · Alexander Hamilton: selections representing his life, his thought, and his style. Edited with an introduction by Bower Aly. New York, Liberal Arts Press, [1957]. xxxv, 201 p. 21 cm.

Resources

Also the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Bede, the Venerable, Saint, 673–735 · 1907? · Also the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Translated by J. A. Giles. Bohn’s Antiquarian Library.