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People
John
John the Apostle, also known as Saint John the Beloved, was one of Jesus’ twelve disciples according to the New Testament. He is traditionally considered to be the author of the Gospel of John, three epistles, and the Book of Revelation. He was born in 6 AD at Bethsaida in Galilee during the Roman Empire. John was the son of Zebedee and Salome and is listed as the youngest apostle. He is the brother of James the Grea
PeopleJohn
John taught that truth frees the person from fear, falsehood, and domination. By insisting that genuine authority rests in truth rather than coercion, his Gospel advances a decisive insight for free societies: power loses legitimacy when it is severed from truth.
PeopleAristotle
Aristotle was born in 384 BCE in Stagira, a Greek city on the Chalcidic peninsula of Macedonia. His father, Nicomachus, was a physician to King Amyntas III of Macedon, providing Aristotle with early exposure to medicine and natural philosophy. After his father’s death, Aristotle moved to Athens at age seventeen, where he became a student at Plato’s Academy. He remained there for two decades, deeply engaging with Plat
PeopleAugustine
Augustine (Aurelius Augustinus, 354–430 CE) was a North African theologian, philosopher, and bishop whose writings shaped Western Christianity and Latin thought. Born in Thagaste (present-day Souk Ahras, Algeria), Augustine received a classical education in rhetoric at Carthage, taught in Rome and Milan, and converted to Christianity in 386 under Ambrose’s influence. After returning to Africa, he became bishop of Hip
PeopleBede
Bede (circa 673–735 CE), better known as The Venerable Bede, was a monk, historian, and theologian whose scholarly contributions earned him the title “Father of English History.” Born in the kingdom of Northumbria, Bede entered the twin monasteries of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow as a child and remained there for life, dedicating himself to prayer, teaching, and extensive writing.
PeopleBlackstone
William Blackstone was an English jurist, judge, and legal scholar of the 18th century. He is widely known as the author of the “Commentaries on the Laws of England,” the most influential legal text in the English-speaking world, and is traditionally credited with making English common law accessible to ordinary citizens. His life represents a dramatic transformation from struggling lawyer to becoming a famous law pr
PeopleBoethius
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (c. 480 – 524/525 CE) was a Roman philosopher, government official, and Christian thinker who helped bridge the classical and medieval worlds. Born into the distinguished aristocratic family of the Anicii, Boethius received a classical education and became fluent in both Latin and Greek. He held high political office under Theodoric the Great, ruler of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Ita
PeopleBurke
Edmund Burke (1729–1797) was an Irish-born thinker, writer, and politician who made his mark in British politics and became a leading voice in shaping modern conservative thought. Born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, he moved to London and eventually became a long-serving Member of Parliament and public intellectual. Burke stood up for tradition, slow and steady reform, and the value of inherited wisdom. H
PeopleCalvin
John Calvin (born Jean Cauvin, July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French theologian, pastor, and principal figure of the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. Born in Noyon, Picardy, France, to a notary father and a devout mother, Calvin originally trained as a humanist lawyer. After breaking from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530 during a period of intense anti-Protestant violence in France, he sough
PeopleCalvin
John Calvin advances liberty by binding authority to law and discipline, insisting that power—civil and ecclesiastical—must operate within publicly knowable rules and accountable institutions. He maintained that the state had a responsibility to protect personal property, maintain civil peace, and provide the conditions in which business could flourish. By emphasizing ordered self-government and moral restraint, he advances a lasting insight for free societies: liberty survives where power is structured, limited, and subject to law rather than personal will.
PeopleChaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer was born between 1340 and 1345 in London to John Chaucer, a prosperous wine merchant, and Agnes Copton. Through his father’s connections, he began his career serving as a page to Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster, and later held numerous important positions as a courtier, diplomat, civil servant, and collector of scrap metal. Chaucer was fluent in French, Italian, and Latin, traveled extensively on diplo
PeopleCoke
Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634) was a powerhouse in English legal history—a jurist, judge, and politician who helped shape the idea of the rule of law. Born in Mileham, Norfolk, Coke studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, then trained at Middle Temple to become a barrister.
PeopleDeclaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence (1776), primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson and edited by the Continental Congress, drew heavily from Enlightenment thinkers, especially John Locke’s ideas of natural rights, social contract theory, and the right of revolution (adapted famously from “life, liberty, and property” to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”). It also echoed the Virginia Declaration of Rights by Ge
PeopleEuclid
Euclid was a Greek mathematician active around 300 BCE, best known for authoring Elements , one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics. While biographical details are sparse, he is believed to have taught and conducted research at the Library of Alexandria. Euclid drew on earlier work by mathematicians like Eudoxus, Pythagoras, and Theaetetus, organizing their discoveries into a deductive system
PeopleFrancis of Assisi
Francis of Assisi (c. 1181–1226 CE) was a preacher and mystic whose life and legacy have made him one of Christianity’s most cherished saints. Born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone in the town of Assisi, he was raised in affluence as the son of a wealthy cloth merchant. He grew up in a wealthy family and had an early life of indulgence — until a spiritual awakening transformed his path entirely.
PeopleGalen
Aelius Galen or Claudius Galen, also known as Galen of Pergamon, was a prominent Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the 2nd century CE. He was born in Pergamon, a city in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), in 129 AD during the Roman Empire. Galen’s father, Aelius Nicon, was a wealthy architect, providing Galen with the means to pursue his education in medicine. Galen traveled extensively throughout the Mediter
PeopleGalileo
Galileo Galilei (b. February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy – d. January 8, 1642, Arcetri, near Florence) was an Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. Born to Vincenzo Galilei, a musician, Galileo originally studied medicine at the University of Pisa but shifted to mathematics and philosophy. He became a professor at Pisa and later at the University of Padua. Galileo was known for his experime
PeopleGroot
Geert Groote, also known as Gerhard Groet, was a religious Dutch Catholic deacon who founded the Brethren of Common Life. He was born in the Hanseatic city of Deventer, where his father held a good civic position. Being born into a rich family, he received an excellent education. He studied at the University of Paris, where he earned a Master of Arts degree. He later taught at Cologne and Paris, but at the age of 34,
PeopleGrotius
Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) was a Dutch legal genius, philosopher, theologian, and diplomat who helped lay the groundwork for modern international law. Born in Delft, Netherlands, he was a child prodigy—fluent in Latin and Greek by age 8 and publishing scholarly work at just 11.
PeopleHume
David Hume, a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy. Born in Edinburgh in 1711, Hume was raised by his widowed mother after the death of his father. He studied law at the University of Edinburgh but soon discovered his passion for philosophy and literature. Hume’s works encompass a wide range of topics, including
PeopleHuss
His outspoken views didn’t go unnoticed. In 1415, he was summoned to the Council of Constance, where he was put on trial for heresy. Hus stood by what he believed and refused to take back his words. He was sentenced to death and burned at the stake. His execution lit the spark for the Hussite movement and a wave of religious conflict across Central Europe.
PeopleIsaiah
• Prophetic Voice of Justice: Isaiah is celebrated as one of the major prophets in the Hebrew Bible, known for his powerful messages of justice, righteousness, and the coming of a Messiah, addressing the moral failings of Judah and the hope of redemption.
PeopleJeremiah
Prophetic Voice of Judah’s Covenant : Jeremiah is renowned for his impassioned calls for repentance and warnings of divine judgment against Judah’s unfaithfulness. His messages, often delivered through symbolic acts, emphasized God’s covenant and the consequences of straying from it.
PeopleJesus Christ
Founder of Christianity : Established a transformative spiritual movement based on love, forgiveness, and the Kingdom of God, reshaping religious and moral thought.
PeopleLocke
John Locke was a prominent English philosopher and physician in the 17th century, known for his contributions to the fields of political theory, epistemology, and philosophy of mind. He was born in Wrington, Somerset, England, on August 29, 1632, and died on October 28, 1704, in Oates, Essex. Locke’s influence on Western philosophy and political thought is profound, with his ideas shaping the Enlightenment period and
PeopleLocke
John Locke anchors liberty in natural rights and consent, arguing that government exists to protect life, liberty, and property—and loses legitimacy when it fails to do so. Locke’s liberal theory of government had a profound influence on the founders of the United States of America. By making authority conditional on the trust of the governed, he articulates a cornerstone of modern freedom: power is just only when it rests on consent and serves rights that precede it.
PeopleMagna Carta
Magna Carta , Latin for “Great Charter,” is a foundational document in English legal history that was issued in 1215 during the reign of King John of England. It was the result of a political crisis between the king and his barons, who were unhappy with his tyrannical rule and heavy taxation. The barons pressured King John to agree to a list of concessions that would limit his power and protect their feudal rights. T
PeopleMahabharata
Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India (the other is Ramayana) that is attributed traditionally to the sage Vyasa, who narrated the events of the Kurukshetra War and its background into a structured poem, while Lord Ganesha transcribed it. It consists of over 100,000 verses. Its exact date of composition remains unknown, but scholars believe that the written epic took shape anywhere betwe
PeopleMark
• Author of the Earliest Gospel: The Gospel of Mark is widely considered the first written gospel and served as a source for Matthew and Luke (the “Synoptic Problem”).
PeopleMilton
John Milton (London, 9 December 1608 – London, 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, intellectual, and civil servant. Born into a devout and musically gifted family, he was educated first at St. Paul’s School and then at Christ’s College, Cambridge, where he cultivated his love of languages and literature. Following extensive private study and travel in Europe (notably Italy), Milton became engaged in the
PeopleMilton
John Milton defends the right—and obligation—of free minds to seek truth without prior restraint. He opposed both political and religious tyranny. By insisting that truth emerges through open contest rather than enforced silence, he advances a defining principle of free societies: authority that fears free expression betrays its own weakness.
PeoplePlato
Plato (c. 428/427–348/347 BCE) was a Greek philosopher, writer, and foundational figure in Western philosophy. A student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. His writings—mostly in the form of philosophical dialogues—explored ethics, politics, metaphysics, epistemology, art, and education. After the Trial of Socrates,
PeoplePsalms
The book of Psalms, also known as the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called Ketuvim, and a book of the Old Testament. The book is an anthology of Hebrew religious hymns, divided into five sections, each ending with a doxology, a hymn of praise. There are several types of psalms, including hymns or songs of praise, communal laments, royal psalms, imprecation, and individua
PeopleReformation Chorale
Reformation Chorale is a seminal collection of hymns and songs that emerged during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Comprising a wide array of musical compositions, the Reformation Chorale played a significant role in the spread of Protestant ideas and theology through congregational singing. This musical tradition, rooted in the principles of sola scriptura and congregational participation, was a key
PeopleRobinson
John Robinson (1576–1625 CE) was an English Separatist pastor, theologian, and one of the founders of the Congregational Church alongside Robert Browne and Henry Barrow. Born in Sturton le Steeple, Nottinghamshire, he studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, embracing Puritanism before resigning from the Church of England over episcopacy and rituals. Leading the Scrooby congregation, he fled persecution to Amste
PeopleRobinson
John Robinson, Puritan minister to the Pilgrims who settled New England, articulated a vision of faith and community grounded in freedom of conscience, voluntary association, and self-governance under covenant rather than coercion. His insistence that believers must be free to follow truth as it is progressively understood—captured in his counsel that God had “more truth and light yet to break forth”—helped shape the Pilgrims’ commitment to consent-based governance and accountable authority, later reflected in early American constitutional practice.
PeopleSavonarola
Girolamo Savonarola (born September 21, 1452, Ferrara, Italy—died May 23, 1498, Florence) was a Dominican friar, preacher, and religious reformer of Renaissance Florence. Born to a prosperous merchant family, Savonarola early became disillusioned with the corruption of society and the Church, prompting him to join the Dominican Order in 1475. Excelling in theology and scriptural studies, he soon gained a reputation a
PeopleShakespeare
William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was an English writer, poet, and actor who is often hailed as the greatest playwright of all time—and with good reason. Born in Stratford-upon-Avon, he was educated locally before heading to London, where he made a name for himself in the world of theater.
PeopleSocrates
• Socrates’ emphasis on self-examination and the search for truth through dialogue laid the foundation for Western philosophy and influenced later thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle.
PeopleThomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas (around 1225–1274 CE) was a Dominican friar and one of the most influential thinkers of the Middle Ages. Born into a noble family near Aquino in Italy, he surprised everyone by choosing a simple, devoted life with the Dominicans, despite his family’s objections.
PeopleWycliffe
John Wycliffe (c. 1328–1384 CE) was an English theologian, scholar, and early reformer whose bold critiques of the medieval Church earned him the title “Morning Star of the Reformation.” Educated at Oxford—where he would also later teach—Wycliffe emerged as a leading voice against ecclesiastical corruption, challenging the Church’s immense wealth, political entanglements, and theological practices.
PeopleWycliffe
John Wycliffe advances liberty by denying that power sanctifies itself, arguing that authority—ecclesiastical or civil—loses legitimacy when it abandons justice and moral responsibility. By insisting that law, conscience, and accountability stand above office and wealth, he presses a defining claim for free societies: power forfeits its rights when it violates the moral law it claims to serve. His view that the Church had strayed from the supreme authority of Scripture laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation.
PeopleZwingli
Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) was a Swiss pastor and theologian who led the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland—separately from Martin Luther, though around the same time. Born in the village of Wildhaus in the Swiss Alps, Zwingli studied in Vienna and Basel, where he developed a strong interest in both classical learning and Christian theology.
PeopleCopernicus
A 16th-century portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish astronomer, depicted in profile with fur collar and cap, holding a compass and armillary sphere, symbolizing his heliocentric theory in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium that revolutionized cosmology.
PeopleErasmus
Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) was a Dutch scholar, writer, and priest who is known for his works that laid the foundation for the Protestant Reformation. Born in Rotterdam and orphaned young, he reluctantly became an Augustinian monk before obtaining permission to study abroad. As a wandering scholar, he lived across Europe, supporting himself through teaching, patronage, and his extraordinarily popular writings. Hi
PeopleHomer
Born/Died: He is believed to have lived during the 8th or 7th century BCE, possibly in Ionia (modern-day western Turkey). The details of Homer’s birth and life are unclear, both by contemporary and scholastic sources.
PeopleLuke
Evangelist of Compassion : Luke, a physician and author of the third Gospel and Acts of the Apostles, is renowned for his emphasis on Jesus’ mercy, inclusion of the marginalized, and detailed historical narrative in the New Testament.
PeopleThucydides
Chronicler of the Peloponnesian War : Thucydides, an Athenian historian, is renowned for his meticulous and analytical account of the Peloponnesian War, emphasizing factual accuracy and human motivations in his seminal work, History of the Peloponnesian War .
Periods
Books & Works
Areopagitica and Other Prose Works of John Milton
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1955 · Areopagitica and other prose works of John Milton. London, J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1955. Everyman’s Library.
Books & WorksCommentary on the Gospel According to John
Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1949 · Commentary on the Gospel according to John. 1949.
Books & WorksJohn Robinson (1575?–1625)
Powicke, Frederick James · 1920 · John Robinson (1575?–1625), by the Rev. F. J. Powicke. London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1920.
Books & WorksJohn Robinson, the Pilgrim Pastor
Davis, Ozora Stearns, 1866–1931 · 1903 · John Robinson, the Pilgrim pastor, by Ozora S. Davis, with an introduction by Professor Williston Walker. Boston, New York, The Pilgrim Press, [1903].
Books & WorksJohn Wyclif
Sergeant, Lewis · 1892? · John Wyclif, Last of the Schoolmen and First of the English Reformers. By Lewis Sergeant. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1892?.
Books & WorksJohn Wyclif and His English Precursors
Lechler, Gotthard Victor · n.d. · John Wyclif and His English Precursors. Translated by Peter Lorimer. New edition revised. London: Religious Tract Society, n.d.
Books & WorksSelect English Works of John Wyclif
Wycliffe, John, d. 1384 · 1869–1871 · Select English Works of John Wyclif. Edited by Thomas Arnold. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1869–1871. 3 volumes.
Books & WorksThe Heart of John Wesley’s Journal
Wesley, John, 1703–1791 · 1951 · The heart of John Wesley’s journal, with an introduction of the author. New York, Oxford University Press, 1951. xxxi, 512 p. plates. 21 cm. The Epworth Press.
Books & WorksThe Journal of John Woolman
Woolman, John, 1720–1772 · 1950 · The journal of John Woolman. Chicago, H. Regnery Co., 1950. xv, 238 p. 22 cm.
Books & WorksThe Letters of John Hus
Hus, Jan, 1369–1415 · 1904 · The Letters of John Hus. Translated with introductions and notes by Herbert B. Workman and R. Martin Pope. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1904.
Books & WorksThe Life and Death of King John
Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616 · 1904 · The life and death of King John... 1904.
Books & WorksThe Life of John Wiclif
Gilpin, William · 1766 · The Life of John Wiclif. By William Gilpin. Second edition. London: J. Robson, 1766.
Books & WorksThe Poetical Works of John Milton
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1900 · The poetical works of John Milton, edited after the original texts by H. C. Beeching. Oxford University Press, 1900.
Books & WorksThe Works of John Locke
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1824 · The works of John Locke, in nine volumes. London, Printed for C. and J. Rivington, 1824.
Books & WorksThe Works of John Locke
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1812 · The works of John Locke. 11th edition. London, Printed for T. Tegg and Son, 1812. 10 v.
Books & WorksThe Works of John Milton in Verse and Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1931–1938 · The works of John Milton in verse and prose... New York, Columbia University Press, [1931–38]. 18 v.
Books & WorksThe Works of John Robinson
Robinson, John, 1575?–1625 · 1851 · The works of John Robinson, pastor of the Pilgrim fathers. With a memoir and annotations by Robert Ashton. London, John Snow, 1851. 3 v.
Books & WorksThe Works of John Woolman
Woolman, John, 1720–1772 · 1774 · The works of John Woolman. Philadelphia, 1774.
Books & WorksBoswell’s Johnson
Boswell, James, 1740–1795 · 1907 · Boswell’s Johnson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907.
Books & WorksBoswell’s Life of Johnson
Boswell, James, 1740–1795 · 1907 · Boswell’s life of Johnson. London, 1907.
Books & WorksLetters of Samuel Johnson
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1892 · Letters of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1892. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194
Books & WorksThe Life of Samuel Johnson
Boswell, James, 1740–1795 · 1904 · The life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Oxford, 1904. 3 v. frontispiece, illustrations, plates, portrait. 22½ cm.
Books & WorksA Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1950 · A letter concerning toleration by John Locke. With an introduction by Patrick Romanell. New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1950.
Books & WorksA Panorama of the World's Legal Systems
John Henry Wigmore · 1928 · Saint Paul: West Publishing Company, 1928. 3 volumes with illustrations. Surveys sixteen principal legal systems including Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Hebrew, Chinese, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and others.
Books & WorksA Wall of Fragrant Snow
Wimsatt, Genevieve Blanche · 1945 · A wall of fragrant snow; a sketch of the life and writings of Hung T’u (Hsüeh T’ao), by Genevieve Wimsatt. John W. Luce Company, 1945.
Books & WorksAn Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs
Burke, Edmund, 1729–1797 · 1962 · An appeal from the new to the old Whigs. Edited with an introduction by John H. Hobson. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, [1962]. 141 p. 21 cm.
Books & WorksAn Arab Philosophy of History
Ibn Khaldūn, 1332–1406 · 1950 · An Arab Philosophy of History: Selections from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun. Translated by Charles Issawi. London: John Murray, 1950. Wisdom of the East Series.
Books & WorksAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1947 · An essay concerning human understanding. Abridged and edited by Raymond Wilbur. London, Dent; New York, Dutton, 1947.
Books & WorksAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1819 · An essay concerning human understanding... London, Printed for D. F. Yeats, 1819. 2 v.
Books & WorksAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1738 · An essay concerning human understanding. 13th edition. London, 1738. 2 v.
Books & WorksAnecdotes of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Almon, John, 1737–1805 · 1801 · Anecdotes of the life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. London, 1801. 3 v. 22 cm.
Books & WorksBarlaam and Joasaph
Barlaam and Joasaph · 1914 · St. John Damascene: Barlaam and Joasaph... Translated by G. R. Woodward and H. Mattingly. Loeb Classical Library, 1914.
Books & WorksCommentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 1225?–1274 · 1961 · Commentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. Translated by John P. Rowan. Chicago: H. Regnery, 1961. 2 volumes.
Books & WorksComplete Indexes to the Institutes of the Christian Religion
Nixon, Leroy · 1950 · Complete indexes to the Institutes of the Christian religion by John Calvin. 1950.
Books & WorksComplete Poetry and Selected Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1950 · Complete poetry and selected prose. Edited by Cleanth Brooks. New York, Modern Library, [1950].
Books & WorksConics
Apollonius of Perga · 1939 (Taliaferro trans.) · Foundational ancient Greek work on conic sections. St. John's Program edition.
Books & WorksHistory of the Reformation in Scotland
Knox, John, 1505–1572 · 1949 · History of the Reformation in Scotland. Edited by William Croft Dickinson. 1949.
Books & WorksHuman Nature and Conduct
John Dewey · 1930 · Dewey’s philosophical examination of ethics and behavior.
Books & WorksInstitutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1949 · Institutes of the Christian religion... Translated by John Allen. 1949.
Books & WorksInstitutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1936 · Institutes of the Christian religion... Translated by John Allen. 1936.
Books & WorksInstitutes of the Christian Religion
Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1960 · Institutes of the Christian religion. Edited by John T. McNeill. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. 1960.
Books & WorksJournal
Woolman, John, 1720–1772 · 1950 · Journal. Chicago, H. Regnery Co., 1950.
Books & WorksMilton’s Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1937 · Milton’s prose selected and edited with an introduction by Hanford M. Jones. Oxford University Press, 1937.
Books & WorksOliver Cromwell
Morley, John, 1838–1923 · n.d. · Oliver Cromwell by John Morley.
Books & WorksOn Liberty
John Stuart Mill · 1916 · Classic defense of individual liberty and free expression.
Books & WorksOn Politics and Education
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1947 · On politics and education. Introduction by Howard R. Penniman. New York, W. J. Black, 1947.
Books & WorksOn the Christian Faith
Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564 · 1957 · On the Christian faith; selections from the Institutes... Edited by John T. McNeill. 1957.
Books & WorksOn the Natural Faculties
Galen · 1914 · Galen. On the natural faculties, with an English translation by Arthur John Brock. London, W. Heinemann, ltd., etc., 1914. liv, 339 p. 17 cm. Half-title: The Loeb Classical Library.
Books & WorksOrlando Furioso
Ludovico Ariosto · 1799 (Hoole trans.) · Translated by John Hoole. London: J. Johnson, 1799.
Books & WorksPrinciples of Political Economy
John Stuart Mill · 1909 · Foundational work in political economy and liberal thought.
Books & WorksRepresentative Government
John Stuart Mill · 1946 · Mill’s reflections on democracy and representative systems.
Books & WorksThe Autobiography of Edward Gibbon
Gibbon, Edward, 1737–1794 · 1896 · The autobiography of Edward Gibbon. Printed verbatim from hitherto unpublished manuscripts, with an introduction by the Earl of Sheffield. Edited by John Murray. London, J. Murray, 1896. xiv p., 1 leaf, 483 p. frontispiece. 23 cm. ARD-9754
Books & WorksThe City of God by Saint Augustine
Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo · 1909 · The city of God... Translated by John Healey. Temple Classics.
Books & WorksThe Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
Chaucer, Geoffrey, d. 1400 · 1946 · The Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Modernized by John S. P. Tatlock and Percy MacKaye. New York: Macmillan, 1946. The Modern Reader’s Chaucer.
Books & WorksThe Delegates from New York
Lansing, John, 1754–1829 · 1939 · The delegates from New York; or, Proceedings of the Federal Convention of 1787 from the notes of John Lansing, Jr. Edited by Joseph Reese Strayer. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1939. viii p., [1]25 p. frontispiece portrait. 21 cm.
Books & WorksThe Elements
Euclid · 1947 (Heath trans.) · Three-volume edition used in the St. John's Program.
Books & WorksThe English Works of Wyclif
Wycliffe, John, d. 1384 · 1880 · The English Works of Wyclif, Hitherto Unprinted. Edited by F. D. Matthew. London: Early English Text Society, 1880.
Books & WorksThe Federalist
Hamilton, Alexander; Jay, John; Madison, James · 1941 · The Federalist; a commentary on the Constitution of the United States. From the original text of Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. With introduction by Edward Mead Earle. New York, Modern Library Special Edition, 1941. xiv, 622 p. 19 cm. ARD-9307
Books & WorksThe History of New England from 1630–1649
Winthrop, John, 1588–1649 · 1853 · The history of New England from 1630–1649, by John Winthrop. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1853. 2 v.
Books & WorksThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Gibbon, Edward, 1737–1794 · 1862 · The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by Dean Milman and M. Guizot; edited with additional notes by William Smith. London, John Murray, 1862. 8 v. frontispieces, portraits, maps. 22 cm. ARD-9749
Books & WorksThe I-li, or Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial
John Steele, translator and editor · 1917 · London: Probsthain & Co., 1917. 2 volumes. Probsthain’s Oriental Series.
Books & WorksThe Legacy of Persia
Arthur John Arberry (ed.) · 1953 · Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.
Books & WorksThe Letters of Abelard and Heloise
Abélard, Peter, 1079–1142 · 1718 · The letters of Abelard and Heloise. Edited by John Hughes. London: W. Bowyer, 1718. Includes poems by Alexander Pope. ARD-5731
Books & WorksThe Life of Benvenuto Cellini
Cellini, Benvenuto, 1500–1571 · 1888 · The life of Benvenuto Cellini... Translated by John Addington Symonds. 1888.
Books & WorksThe Life of Benvenuto Cellini
Cellini, Benvenuto, 1500–1571 · 1906 · The life of Benvenuto Cellini... Edited by John Addington Symonds. 1906.
Books & WorksThe Living Thoughts of Tom Paine
Paine, Thomas, 1737–1809 · 1940 · The living thoughts of Tom Paine, presented by John Dos Passos. New York, Toronto, Longmans, Green and Co., 1940. x, 194 p. frontispiece. 19 cm.
Books & WorksThe Lord’s Sermon on the Mount
Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo · 1948 · The Lord’s sermon on the mount. Translated by John J. Jepson. Ancient Christian Writers.
Books & WorksThe Method, Meditations and Philosophy of Descartes
Descartes, René, 1596–1650 · n.d. · The method, meditations and philosophy of Descartes. Translated... by John Veitch. New York, Tudor Publishing Co., n.d.
Books & WorksThe Nibelungenlied
Nibelungenlied · 1906 · The Nibelungenlied. Translated by John Storer Cobb. Edited by Mary S. Cobb. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1906. ARD-5757
Books & WorksThe Persian Letters
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de, 1689–1755 · n.d. · The Persian letters of Charles de Secondat, Montesquieu. Translated into English by John Davidson. 2 v. 22 cm. ARD-9123
Books & WorksThe Pilgrim’s Progress, The Holy War and Grace Abounding
Bunyan, John, 1628–1688 · 1905 · The Pilgrim’s Progress, The Holy War and Grace Abounding, by John Bunyan. London, Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1905.
Books & WorksThe Refutation of All Heresies
Hippolytus of Rome · 1868 (MacMahon trans.) · Translated by Rev. J. H. MacMahon. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., 1868.
Books & WorksThe Triumph of the Cross
Girolamo Savonarola · 1901 (Procter ed.) · Edited with introduction by Rev. Father John Procter. London: Sands & Co., 1901.
Books & WorksThe Truth of the Christian Religion
Grotius, Hugo, 1583–1645 · 1777 · The truth of the Christian religion, in six books by Hugo Grotius. Corrected and illustrated with notes by Mr. Le Clerc. Translated into English by John Clarke. London, 1777.
Books & WorksThe Wisdom of Adam Smith
Smith, Adam, 1723–1790 · 1976 · The wisdom of Adam Smith, selected by John Haggarty; edited and with an introduction by Benjamin A. Rogge. Indianapolis, Liberty Press, c1976. 233 p. 22 cm.
Books & WorksTwo Treatises of Government
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1960 · Two treatises of government; a critical edition... by Peter Laslett. Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Books & WorksWinthrop’s Journal, History of New England, 1630–1649
Winthrop, John, 1588–1649 · n.d. · Winthrop’s journal, History of New England, 1630–1649, edited by James Kendall Hosmer. New York, Barnes & Noble, Inc. 2 v.
Books & WorksA Dictionary of the English Language
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1755 · A dictionary of the English language. London, 1755. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194
Books & WorksAmerica’s Political Dilemma
Dietze, Gottfried · 1968 · From limited to unlimited democracy. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1968.
Books & WorksJourney to the Western Islands of Scotland
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1930 · Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, and Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D. London, Oxford University Press, 1930. xvii, 7 p. frontispiece portrait, maps, facsimile. 20 cm.
Books & WorksPiers the Plowman
Langland, William, 1330?–1400? · 1952 · Piers the Plowman: A Critical Edition of the A-Version. Edited by Thomas A. Knott and David C. Fowler. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1952.
Books & WorksThe Colloquies of Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus · 1878 (Johnson ed.) · Edited with notes by Rev. E. Johnson. London: Reeves & Turner, 1878.
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Areopagitica and Other Prose Works of John Milton
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1955 · Areopagitica and other prose works of John Milton. London, J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1955. Everyman’s Library.
ResourcesAreopagitica and Other Prose Works of John Milton
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1955 · Areopagitica and other prose works of John Milton. London, J. M. Dent & Sons; New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 1955. Everyman’s Library.
ResourcesSelect English Works of John Wyclif
Wycliffe, John, d. 1384 · 1869–1871 · Select English Works of John Wyclif. Edited by Thomas Arnold. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1869–1871. 3 volumes.
ResourcesThe Life and Death of King John
Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616 · 1904 · The life and death of King John... 1904.
ResourcesThe Poetical Works of John Milton
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1900 · The poetical works of John Milton, edited after the original texts by H. C. Beeching. Oxford University Press, 1900.
ResourcesThe Works of John Locke
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1812 · The works of John Locke. 11th edition. London, Printed for T. Tegg and Son, 1812. 10 v.
ResourcesThe Works of John Milton in Verse and Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1931–1938 · The works of John Milton in verse and prose... New York, Columbia University Press, [1931–38]. 18 v.
ResourcesThe Works of John Robinson
Robinson, John, 1575?–1625 · 1851 · The works of John Robinson, pastor of the Pilgrim fathers. With a memoir and annotations by Robert Ashton. London, John Snow, 1851. 3 v.
ResourcesLetters of Samuel Johnson
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1892 · Letters of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1892. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194
ResourcesA Dictionary of the English Language
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1755 · A dictionary of the English language. London, 1755. 2 v. 27 cm. ARD-9194
ResourcesA Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1950 · A letter concerning toleration by John Locke. With an introduction by Patrick Romanell. New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1950.
ResourcesA Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1950 · A letter concerning toleration by John Locke. With an introduction by Patrick Romanell. New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1950.
ResourcesA Panorama of the World's Legal Systems
John Henry Wigmore · 1928 · Saint Paul: West Publishing Company, 1928. 3 volumes with illustrations. Surveys sixteen principal legal systems including Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Hebrew, Chinese, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and others.
ResourcesAn Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs
Burke, Edmund, 1729–1797 · 1962 · An appeal from the new to the old Whigs. Edited with an introduction by John H. Hobson. Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, [1962]. 141 p. 21 cm.
ResourcesAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1738 · An essay concerning human understanding. 13th edition. London, 1738. 2 v.
ResourcesAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1738 · An essay concerning human understanding. 13th edition. London, 1738. 2 v.
ResourcesAnecdotes of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Almon, John, 1737–1805 · 1801 · Anecdotes of the life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. London, 1801. 3 v. 22 cm.
ResourcesCommentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 1225?–1274 · 1961 · Commentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. Translated by John P. Rowan. Chicago: H. Regnery, 1961. 2 volumes.
ResourcesComplete Poetry and Selected Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1950 · Complete poetry and selected prose. Edited by Cleanth Brooks. New York, Modern Library, [1950].
ResourcesComplete Poetry and Selected Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1950 · Complete poetry and selected prose. Edited by Cleanth Brooks. New York, Modern Library, [1950].
ResourcesHistory of the Reformation in Scotland
Knox, John, 1505–1572 · 1949 · History of the Reformation in Scotland. Edited by William Croft Dickinson. 1949.
ResourcesHuman Nature and Conduct
John Dewey · 1930 · Dewey’s philosophical examination of ethics and behavior.
ResourcesJournal
Woolman, John, 1720–1772 · 1950 · Journal. Chicago, H. Regnery Co., 1950.
ResourcesJourney to the Western Islands of Scotland
Johnson, Samuel, 1709–1784 · 1930 · Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, and Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson, LL.D. London, Oxford University Press, 1930. xvii, 7 p. frontispiece portrait, maps, facsimile. 20 cm.
ResourcesMilton’s Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1937 · Milton’s prose selected and edited with an introduction by Hanford M. Jones. Oxford University Press, 1937.
ResourcesMilton’s Prose
Milton, John, 1608–1674 · 1937 · Milton’s prose selected and edited with an introduction by Hanford M. Jones. Oxford University Press, 1937.
ResourcesOliver Cromwell
Morley, John, 1838–1923 · n.d. · Oliver Cromwell by John Morley.
ResourcesOn Liberty
John Stuart Mill · 1916 · Classic defense of individual liberty and free expression.
ResourcesOn Politics and Education
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1947 · On politics and education. Introduction by Howard R. Penniman. New York, W. J. Black, 1947.
ResourcesOn Politics and Education
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1947 · On politics and education. Introduction by Howard R. Penniman. New York, W. J. Black, 1947.
ResourcesOn the Natural Faculties
Galen · 1914 · Galen. On the natural faculties, with an English translation by Arthur John Brock. London, W. Heinemann, ltd., etc., 1914. liv, 339 p. 17 cm. Half-title: The Loeb Classical Library.
ResourcesThe City of God by Saint Augustine
Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo · 1909 · The city of God... Translated by John Healey. Temple Classics.
ResourcesThe Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
Chaucer, Geoffrey, d. 1400 · 1946 · The Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Modernized by John S. P. Tatlock and Percy MacKaye. New York: Macmillan, 1946. The Modern Reader’s Chaucer.
ResourcesThe Elements
Euclid · 1947 (Heath trans.) · Three-volume edition used in the St. John's Program.
ResourcesThe English Works of Wyclif
Wycliffe, John, d. 1384 · 1880 · The English Works of Wyclif, Hitherto Unprinted. Edited by F. D. Matthew. London: Early English Text Society, 1880.
ResourcesThe Federalist
Hamilton, Alexander; Jay, John; Madison, James · 1941 · The Federalist; a commentary on the Constitution of the United States. From the original text of Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. With introduction by Edward Mead Earle. New York, Modern Library Special Edition, 1941. xiv, 622 p. 19 cm. ARD-9307
ResourcesThe Lord’s Sermon on the Mount
Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo · 1948 · The Lord’s sermon on the mount. Translated by John J. Jepson. Ancient Christian Writers.
ResourcesThe Triumph of the Cross
Girolamo Savonarola · 1901 (Procter ed.) · Edited with introduction by Rev. Father John Procter. London: Sands & Co., 1901.
ResourcesThe Truth of the Christian Religion
Grotius, Hugo, 1583–1645 · 1777 · The truth of the Christian religion, in six books by Hugo Grotius. Corrected and illustrated with notes by Mr. Le Clerc. Translated into English by John Clarke. London, 1777.
ResourcesTwo Treatises of Government
Locke, John, 1632–1704 · 1960 · Two treatises of government; a critical edition... by Peter Laslett. Cambridge University Press, 1960.
ResourcesThe Colloquies of Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus · 1878 (Johnson ed.) · Edited with notes by Rev. E. Johnson. London: Reeves & Turner, 1878.