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Calvin

John Calvin advances liberty by binding authority to law and discipline, insisting that power—civil and ecclesiastical—must operate within publicly knowable rules and accountable institutions. He maintained that the state had a responsibility to protect personal property, maintain civil peace, and provide the conditions in which business could flourish. By emphasizing ordered self-government and moral restraint, he advances a lasting insight for free societies: liberty survives where power is structured, limited, and subject to law rather than personal will.