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Averroes

Averroes points out that reason has its own lawful authority alongside revelation, and that coercion has no claim over truth. He defended reason against Al Ghazali's insistence on the legitimacy of mysticism as a way of knowing. By arguing that free inquiry is not a threat to order but a condition of justice, Averroes advances a lasting principle for free societies: power loses legitimacy when it forbids rational examination.